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Why Ammonia?

Why ammonia as alternative fuel?

  • A widely produced and transported chemical.
  • Carbon & Sulphur free → No Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions during combustion.
  • Can be synthesised using green energy sources.

And what makes L-NH3 unique compared
to Hydrogen (H2)?

  • 1.5 × more energy per volume than liquid H2.
  • Established storage & distribution networks.
  • Easier to liquefy and store under milder conditions.
  • Less flammable, reducing explosion risks.

What is the challenge in burning ammonia?

  • High Ignition Energy: High energy input needed to initiate combustion
  • Narrow Flammability Range: Limited range of ammonia-air mixtures to sustain combustion 
  • Low Flame Speed: The combustion is lower and less efficient compared to other fuels
  • Toxicity: Safety challenges during storage, handling, and combustion

How is this an issue?

Ammonia is already being utilised as an alternative fuel by multiple sectors, including: Road Transport, Marine, Aviation, Power Generation

However, efficiently burning NH3 while addressing the various difficulties of NH3 nature remains a significant challenge. Current technologies fail to adequately tackle NOx emissions and other instabilities inside the combustor. As a result, secondary support systems are often required to control emissions, adding extra weight and complexity. This is especially critical in all transport sectors, where additional weight increases fuel consumption, slows transportation, and raises operational costs.

…You may need a drink because a solution has been identified (see Cocktail Identity)